Binair rekenen

Decimal – Binair -Hexidecimaal
_______________________________

Decimaal -> In 10 tallligstelsel
Decimaal -> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hexidecimaal -> In 16 talligstelsel
Hexidecimaal -> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A=11 B=12 C=13 D=14 E=15 F=16
Binair  -> In 2 talligstelsel
Binair -> 0 1
Binair -> Binair naar decimal -> binair per positie tot de macht 2 daarna optellen

Omrekenen binair – hexidecimaal – decimaal
___________________________________________

Binair ->  Hexidecimaal ->  decimaal

0001        -> 1        -> 1
0010        -> 2        -> 2
0011        -> 3        -> 3
0100        -> 4        -> 4
0101        -> 5        -> 5
0110        -> 6        -> 6
0111        -> 7        -> 7
1000        -> 8        -> 8
1001        -> 9        -> 9
1010        -> A        -> 10
1011        -> B        -> 11
1100        -> c        -> 12
1101        -> D        -> 13
1110        -> E        -> 14
1111        -> f        -> 15

SUBDEC tabel Geldige Subnet masks bereken (de decimaal op tellen met de opvolgende 128 + 64 = 192)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Mask                 128 | 192 | 224 | 240 | 248 | 252 | 254 |255

Decimaal           128 | 64  | 32  | 16  | 8   | 4   | 2     | 1

Aantal subnets    2   | 4   | 8   | 16  | 32  | 64  | 128 |

Note: SUBDEC tabel = is een niet bestaande naam maar de naam die ik zelf aan de tabel gegeven heb.

Subnet mask binair (zie bovestaande rij decimaal):

Subnet uit 8 bits
128    -> 10000000     -> 128 – 128 = 0
192    -> 11000000     -> 192 – 128 – 64 = 0
224    -> 11100000    -> 224 – 128 – 64 – 32 = 0
240    -> 11110000    -> 240 – 128 – 64 – 32 – 16 = 0
248    -> 11111000    -> 248 – 128 – 64 – 32 – 16 – 8 = 0
252    -> 11111100    -> 252 – 128 – 64 – 32 – 16 – 8 – 4 = 0
254    -> 11111110    -> 254 – 128 – 64 – 32 – 16 – 8 – 4 – 2 = 0
255    -> 11111111    -> 254 – 128 – 64 – 32 – 16 – 8 – 4 – 2 – 1

Voorbeeld Magisch getal subnet berekeningen (per 8 bits 256 gebruiken)

___________________________________________

IP    -> 192.168.18.0
MAsk    -> 255.255.255.224

256 – (Laatse octet subnet mask) = magisch getal
256 – 224 = 32

Subnets zijn dan :
192.168.18.0          Network 0      first ip 1      last ip 30    broadcast 31
192.168.18.32        Network 32    first ip 33    last ip 62    broadcast 63
192.168.18.64        Network 64    first ip 65    last ip 94    broadcast 95
192.168.18.96        Network 96    first ip 97    last ip 126  broadcast 127
192.168.18.128
192.168.18.160
192.168.18.192
192.168.18.224 tot 256)

Zie voor magisch getal de SUBDEC tabel

Mask    Subnet
——————————
256 –     128 =   128
256 –     192 =   64
256 -    224 =    32
256 -    240 =    16
256 -    248 =    8
256 -    252 =    4
256 -    254 =    2
256 -    255 =    1

Aantal subnets berekenen
______________________________

Zie subdec tabel

256 : (door aantal bits gebruikt door sub netmask geteld vanaf links) = Aantal subnetten wat beschikbaar is (bij 8 bits subnet mask)

256 : 128    (1 bit)      = 2
256 : 64      (2 bits)    = 4
256 : 32      (3 bits)    = 8
256 : 16      (4 bits)    = 16
256 : 8        (5 bits)    = 32
256 : 4        (6 bits)    = 64
256 : 2        (7 bits)    = 128

Hier na is er nog maar 1 bit over in de host

Bij 16 bits subnet mask wordt 256 + 256 = 512 (1 bit wordt 128 + 128 = 256)

Subnet
_______________________________

/ berekening = het aantal bits voor de /

xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxx     /24 (bits)
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx   xxx|xxxxx    /27 (bits)
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx   xxxxxx|xx    /30 (bits)

ICT – Afkortingen

Veel gebruikte afkortingen binnen de ICT wereld

1000BASE-LX -> Long wave
1000BASE-SX -> Short wave
1000BASE-T -> Twisted pair
100BASE-FX -> Fibre
100BASE-TX -> Twisted pair
10BASE-T -> Twisted pair
3DES -> 3 DES
AAA -> Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
AAL5 -> ATM Adaption Layer 5
ABR -> Area Border Router
ACK -> Acknowledgment
ACL -> Access Control List
ADSL -> Asymmetric DSL
AES -> Advanced Encryption Standard
AH -> Authentication Header
ANSI -> American National Standard Instutute
AOL -> America OnLine
API -> Application Programming Interface
APNIC -> Asia Pacific Network Information Center
ARCnet -> Attached Resource Computer network
ARIN -> American REgistry for Internet Network
ARP -> Address Resolution Protocol
ARPA -> Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARPANET -> Advanced Reseach Projects Agency NETwork
AS -> Autonomous System
ASA -> (Cisco) Adaptive Security Appliance
ASBR -> Autonomous System Border Router
ASCII -> American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BDR -> Backup Designated Router
BECN -> Backward Explicit Congestion Notification
BGP -> Border Gateway Protocol
BIA -> Burnt-In Address
BID -> Bridge ID
BPDU -> Bridge Protocol Data Unit
BSA -> Basic Service Area
BSD -> Berkley SOftware Distribution
BSS -> Basic Service Set
BSSID -> BSS ID
CAC -> Call Admission Control
CAR -> Committed Access Rate
CATV -> CAble TeleVision
CATV -> Cable TV
CBAC -> Context-Based Access Control
CCK -> Complementary Code Keying
CCMP -> Counter with CBC MAC Protocol
CDP -> Cisco Discovery Protocol
CDSL -> Consumer DSL
CHAP -> Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CIDR -> Classless InterDomain Routing
CIR -> Committed Information Rate
Cisco IFS -> Cisco IOS File System
Cisco MIC -> Cisco Message Integrity Check
CLI -> Command Line Interface
CO -> Central Office
Con -> Console
CoS -> Class of Service
CPE -> Customer Premises Equipment
CPE -> Customer Premises Equipment
CPU -> Central Processing!?!? Unit
CRC -> Cycling Redundancy Check
CRM -> Customer Relationship Management
CSI -> Computer Security Institute
CSMA/CD -> Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect
CSMA-CA -> CSMA-Collision Avoidance
CST -> Common Spanning Tree
CSU/DSU -> Channel Service Unit/Digital Service Unit
CTL -> ConTroL bits
Ctrl -> Control
CTS -> Clear To Send
CWS -> Congestion Window Size
DA -> Destination Address
DAS -> Direct Attached Storage
DBS -> Direct Broadcast Sattelite
DCE -> Data Circuit terminating Equipment
DE -> Discard Eligible
DEC -> Digital Equipment Company
DES -> Data Encryption Standard
DH -> Diffie Hellman
DHCP -> Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCPv6 -> DHCP for IPv6
DIX -> Digital, Intel, Xerox
DLCI -> Data-Link Connection Identifier
DMVPN -> Dynamic Multipoint VPN
DNS -> Domain Name System
DoS -> Denial Of Service
DoS -> Denial Of Service
DR -> Designated Router
DS0 -> Digital Signal level 0
DS1 -> Digital Signal level 1
DS3 -> Digital Signal level 3
DSL -> Dynamic Subscriber Link
DSL -> Dynamic Subscriber Line
DSLAM -> DSL Access Modulator
DSSS -> Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
DSU/CSU -> Data Service Unit/Channel Service Unit
DTE -> Data Terminal Equipment
DTP -> Dynamic Trunking Protocol
DUAL -> Diffusing Update ALgorithm
EAP -> Extensible Authentication Protocol
EAPOL -> Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN
EBCDIC -> Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EGP -> Exterior Gateway Protocol
EIA/TIA -> Electronic Industry Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Association
EIGRP -> Enhanced IGRP
EIRP -> Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
EMI -> ElectroMagnetic Interference
ESA -> Extended Service Area
ESD -> Electronic Components!?!?
ESP -> Encapsulation Security Payload
ESS -> Extended Service Set
ETSI -> European Telecommunications Standars Institute
EUI-64 -> Extended Unique Identifier-64
ExEc -> executive
Fa -> FastEthernet
FBI (non-IT) -> Federal Burau of Invesigation
FCC -> Federal Communications Commision
FCS -> Frame Check Sequence
FDDI -> Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FECN -> Forward Explicit Congestion Notification
FHSS -> Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
FTP -> File Transfer Protocol
GBIC -> GigaBit Interface Converter
GHz -> GigaHertz
GUI -> Graphical User Interface
HDLC -> High-level Data-Link Control
HMAC -> Hashed Message Authentication Code
HMAC-MD5 -> HMAC MD5
HMAC-SHA1 -> HMAC Secure Hash Algorithm 1
HR (non-IT) -> Human Resource
HSSI -> High-Speed Serial Interface
HTML -> HyperText Markup Language
HTTP -> HyperText Transport Protocol
I/O -> Input/Output
IANA -> Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IATFF -> Information Assurance Technical Framework Forum
IBSS -> Independent Basic Service Set
ICMP -> Internet Control Message Protocol
ICND2 -> Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices 2
ID -> Identifier
IDS -> Intrusion Detection System
IDSL -> ISDN DSL
IE -> Internet Explorer
IEEE -> Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IETF -> Internet Engineering Task Force
IGP -> Interior Gateway Protocol
IGRP -> Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
IKE -> Internet Key Exchange
IM -> Instant Messaging
IM -> Instant Messaging
InterNIC -> Internet Network Information Center
IP -> Internet Protocol
IP/TV -> Internet Protocol/Television
IPS -> Intrusion Prevention System
IPsec -> IP SECurity
IPv4 -> IP version 4
IPv6 -> IP Version 6
IRQ -> Interrupt Request Line
ISAKMP -> Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
ISATAP -> Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol
ISCW -> Implementing Secure Converged WANs
ISDN -> Integrated Services Digital Network
IS-IS -> Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System
ISM -> Industrial Scientific and Medical
ISN -> Initial Sequence Number
ISO -> International Organization for Standarization
ISP -> Internet Service Provider
ITU-R -> International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication
LAN -> Local Area Network
LANE -> atm LAN Emulation
LCP -> Link Control Protocl
LEAP -> Lightweight EAP
LEC -> Local Exchange Carrier
LED -> Light Emitting Diode
LLC -> Logical Link Control
LMI -> Local Management Interface
LSA -> Link State Advertisement
LSB -> Least Significant Bit
MAC -> Media Access Control (address)
MAC -> Media Access Control (protocol)
MCNS -> Multiple Cable Nework System partners ltd.
MD5 -> Message Digest 5
MHz -> MegaHertz
MIC -> Media Interface Connector (physical)
MIT -> Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MOP -> Maintenance Operation Protocol
MOTD -> Message Of The Day
MSB -> Most Significant Bit
MSO -> Multiple Service Operator
MSTP -> Multiple STP
MSTP -> Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
MTBF -> Mean Time Between Failures
MTU -> Maximum Transmission Unit
NAS -> Network Attached Storage
NAT -> Network Address Translation
NAT-PT -> NAT-Protocol Translation
NBMA -> NonBroadcast Multiple Access
NC -> Not Connected
NCP -> Network Control Programs
NCP -> Netware Core Protocol
NFS -> Network File System
NIC -> Network Interface Card
NOS -> Network Open System
NOS -> Network Operating System
NSA -> National Security Agency
NSAP -> Network Service Access Point
NSAP -> Network Service Access Point
NSSA -> Not So Stubby Area
NTP -> Network Time Protocol
NVRAM -> Non Volatile RAM
OC -> Optical Carrier
OFDM -> Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OSI -> Open System Interconnections (model)
OSI -> Open System Interconnection (Protocol)
OSPF -> Open Shortest Path First
OTP -> One-Time Password
OUI -> Orginizational Unique Identifier
PAD -> Packet Assembler Disassembler
PAP -> PPP Authentication Protocol
PAT -> Port Address Translation
PC -> Personal Computer
PCS -> Personal Communication Services
PDA -> Personal Digital Assistant
PDH -> Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDU -> Protocol Data Unit
PMTU -> Path Maximum Tranmission Unit
POP -> Point Of Presence
POST -> Power On Self Test
POTS -> Plain Old Telephone System
PPP -> Point-to-Point Protocol
PPPoA -> PPP Over ATM
PPPoE -> PPP over Ethernet
PSK -> Pre Shared Key
PSTN -> Public Switched Telephone Network
PSTN -> Public Switched Telephone Network
PVC -> Permanent Virtual Circuit
PVRST+ -> Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree +
PVST+ -> Per VLAN Spanning Tree +
QoS -> Quality of Service
R1-R4 -> Ring (Receive)
RADIUS -> Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
RAM -> Random Access Memory
RARP -> Reverse ARP
RCP -> Remote Copy Protocol
RF -> Radio Frequency
RF -> Radio Frequency
RFC -> Request For Comment
RIP -> Routing Information Protocol
RIPE NCC -> Reséaux IP Européens Network Coordination Center
RIPng -> RIP New Generation
RIPv2 -> RIP version 2
RJ-45 -> Registered Jack-45
RMON -> Remote MONitoring
ROMMON -> ROM MONitor
RPR -> REsilient Packet Ring
RSA -> Rivest, Shamir and Adleman
RSTP -> Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RTS -> Ready To Send
RTT -> Round Trip Time
S -> serial
SA -> Source Address
SAID -> Security Association ID
SAN -> Storage Area Network
SAP -> Session Announcement Protocol (protocol)
SCP -> Secure Copy Protocol
SDH -> Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDM -> Secure Device Manager
SDSL -> Symmetric DSL
SEQ -> SEQuence number
SLA -> Service Level Agreement
SMB -> server Message Block
SNAP -> Subnetwork Access Protocol
SNMP -> Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMP -> Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR -> Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SOF -> Start Of Frame
SOHO -> Small Office Home Office
SP-2840 -> Standards Proposal
SPD -> Security Policy Database
SPF -> Shortest Path First
SQL -> Structured Query Language
SSH -> Secure Socket Shell
SSH -> Secure SHell
SSHv1 -> SSH version 1
SSHv1 -> SSH Version 1
SSHv2 -> SSH version 2
SSHv2 -> SSH Version 2
SSID -> Service Set ID
SSL -> Secure Socket Layer
STP -> Schielded Twisted Pair
STP -> Spanning Tree Protocol
SVC -> Switched Virtual Circuit
SYN -> Synchronization
T1-T4 -> Tip (Transmit)
TAC -> (Cisco) Technical Assistance Center
TACACS+ -> Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus
TCP -> Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP -> Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDM -> Time Division Multiplexing
TDR -> Time-Domain Reflectometer
telco -> TELephone COmpany
TEM -> Time Exceeded Message
TFTP -> Trivial File Transfer Protocol
T-KIP -> Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
TOS -> Type Of Service
TTL -> Time To Live
UCLA -> University of California, Los Angeles
UDP -> User Datagram Protocol
ULP -> Upper Layer Protocol
UNII -> Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure
UPS -> Uninterruptable Power Supply
URL -> Universal Resource Locator
US (non-IT) -> United States of America
USB -> Universal Serial Bus
UTP -> Unschielded Twisted Pair
VC -> Virtual Circuit
VDSL -> Very-high data-rate DSL
VID -> VLAN ID
VLAN -> Virtual LAN
VLSM -> Variable Length Subnet Mask
VMPS -> VLAN Management Policy Server
VoD -> Video On Demand
VoD -> Video On Demand
VoIP -> Voice Over IP
VPI/VCI -> Virtual Path Identifier/Virtual Circuit Identifier
VPN -> Virtual Private Network
VTP -> VLAN Trunking Protocol
VTPv1 -> VTP Version 1
VTPv2 -> VTP Version 2
VTPv3 -> VTP Version 3
VTY -> Virtual TeletYpe
WAN -> Wide Area Network
WebVPN -> web based VPN
WEP -> Wired Equivalent Privacy
WIC -> WAN Interface Card
wi-Fi -> WIreless FIdelity
WLAN -> Wireless LAN
WMM -> Wi-Fi MultiMedia
WPA -> Wi-Fi Protected Access
WS -> Window Size
WZC -> Wireless Zero Configuration
X.25/LAPB -> Link Access Procedure Balanced
XAUTH -> eXtended AUTHentication

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